Periodic trends and complexation chemistry of tetravalent actinide ions with a potential actinide decorporation agent 5‐LIO(Me‐3,2‐HOPO): A relativistic density functional theory exploration

A relativistic density functional theory (DFT) study is reported which aims to understand the complexation chemistry of An4+ ions (An = Th, U, Np, and Pu) with a potential decorporation agent, 5‐LIO(Me‐3,2‐HOPO). The calculations show that the periodic change of the metal binding free energy has an excellent correlation with the ionic radii and such change of ionic radii also leads to the structural modulation of actinide–ligand complexes. The calculated structural and binding parameters agree well with the available experimental data. Atomic charges derived from quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and natural bond order (NBO) analysis shows the major role of ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer in the stability of the complexes. Energy decomposition analysis, QTAIM, and electron localization function (ELF) predict that the actinide–ligand bond is dominantly ionic, but the contribution of orbital interaction is considerable and increases from Th4+ to Pu4+. A decomposition of orbital contributions applying the extended transition state‐natural orbital chemical valence method points out the significant π‐donation from the oxygen donor centers to the electron‐poor actinide ion. Molecular orbital analysis suggests an increasing trend of orbital mixing in the context of 5f orbital participation across the tetravalent An series (Th‐Pu). However, the corresponding overlap integral is found to be smaller than in the case of 6d orbital participation. An analysis of the results from the aforementioned electronic structure methods indicates that such orbital participation possibly arises due to the energy matching of ligand and metal orbitals and carries the signature of near‐degeneracy driven covalency. The complexation chemistry of An4+ ions (An = Th, U, Np, and Pu) with a potential decorporation agent 5‐LIO(Me‐3,2‐HOPO) is explored by relativistic DFT. There is an excellent correlation between binding free energies and metal ionic radii. Although actinide‐ligand bonding is dominantly ionic, covalent contributions are considerable and increase towards Pu. However, the enhanced orbital participation does not lead to overlap‐driven covalency, but carries the signature of near‐degeneracy driven covalency.