Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response and Its Roles in Stem Cells

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt ) is a mitochondrial protein quality control mechanism that is involved in many pathophysiological activities and maintains cellular homeostasis. The UPR mt signaling pathway in both Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals has gained much attention in recent years. Many studies have reported the general function of UPR mt , including the relationship between UPR mt and longevity, survival, apoptosis, innate immunity, cancer growth, and neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cells are capable of self-renewing and differentiating, thus playing an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and tissue regeneration. Although the role and regulation of UPR mt in somatic cells have been widely studied, the regulatory mechanism of UPR mt in stem cells is not fully known. Thus, in this article, the regulatory role of UPR mt in stem cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, and aging is reviewed. This review aims to provide novel insights for UPR mt promoting stem cell rejuvenation and improving life span in mammals.