Evaluating the influence of raw materials on the behavior of nitrogen fractions in composting processes on an industrial scale

[Display omitted] •Composting on an industrial scale hinders the standardization of the processes.•Evolution of protease and urease activities depended largely on the raw materials.•PMN-K and lipase activities were linked to the transformation of nitrogen fractions.•Raw materials determined the enzymatic pattern evolution of composting processes.•Different materials evolve into biotransformed products that meet quality standards. Success of composting as an ecological technology for organic waste management has allowed its implementation in the current circular economy models. However, composting on an industrial scale often shows drawbacks and peculiarities. In this work, a comparative analysis of 15 industrial composting facilities was carried out in which different anthropogenic organic waste were processed. Results showed that composting process on an industrial scale did not always evolve in a standard way. Monitoring parameters as well as enzymatic activity depended largely on the raw materials and were strongly linked to the transformation of nitrogen fractions. Despite the heterogeneity of the processes and raw materials, microbial activity managed to the optimal biotransformation, obtaining products that comply with the agronomic quality standards. This work represents a breakthrough in composting and provides new knowledge for better management of this process on an industrial scale.