Temporal trends in incidence and outcome of acute coronary syndrome

Background We aimed to investigate changes of incidence, outcome and related interventions of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) over the past decade in Germany. Methods Data on the international statistical classification of diseases and procedural codes from the Federal Bureau of Statistics in Germany was used. This included all ACS cases in Germany in the years 2005–2015. Analyses were performed separately for the diagnoses of overall ACS, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI), non-ST-elevation MI and unstable angina pectoris. Procedures including coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention and the endpoint in-hospital mortality were assessed. Results Between 2005 and 2015 a total of 3797,546 cases of ACS were recorded. The mean age was 69 years and 36% were females. In-hospital mortality was 6.3%, 62% underwent coronary angiography and 42% received percutaneous coronary intervention. In-hospital mortality was highest for patients with ST-elevation MI (12.0%) and lowest for patients with unstable angina pectoris (0.6%). From 2005 to 2015 the incidence rates of ACS, ST-elevation MI and unstable angina pectoris decreased, while the incidence rate of non-ST-elevation MI increased. The percentages of performed coronary angiographies and percutaneous coronary interventions increased from 52 to 70% and 34 to 50%, respectively. The adjusted incidence rate of in-hospital mortality decreased from 64.9 cases per 1000 person-years to 54.8 cases. Conclusion In a large dataset including more than 3.7 million cases, we report an increase in coronary procedures and a reduction of ACS incidence and related mortality in the past decade in Germany.