The effect of CO2 9.3 μm short-pulsed laser irradiation in enamel erosion reduction with and without fluoride applications—a randomized, controlled in vitro study
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the protective effect of short-pulsed CO 2 9.3 μm laser irradiation against erosion in human enamel without and combined with TiF 4 and AmF/NaF/SnCl 2 applications, respectively, as well as compared to the protective effect of these fluoride treatments...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Lasers in medical science 2020-07, Vol.35 (5), p.1213-1222 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the protective effect of short-pulsed CO
2
9.3 μm laser irradiation against erosion in human enamel without and combined with TiF
4
and AmF/NaF/SnCl
2
applications, respectively, as well as compared to the protective effect of these fluoride treatments alone. After polishing, ninety enamel samples (3 × 3mm) were used for 9 different treatment groups: 4% TiF
4
gel (pH 1.5, 24,533 ppm F
−
); AmF/NaF/SnCl
2
rinse (pH 4.5; 500 ppm F
−
, 800 ppm Sn
2
); CO
2
laser (average power 0.58 W); CO
2
laser (0.58 W) + TiF
4
; CO
2
laser (0.58 W) + AmF/NaF/SnCl
2
; CO
2
laser (0.69 W); CO
2
laser (0.69 W) + TiF
4
; CO
2
laser (0.69 W) + AmF/NaF/SnCl
2
; negative control (deionized water). TiF
4
gel was brushed on only once before the first erosive cycling, while samples treated with AmF/NaF/SnCl
2
were daily immersed in 5 ml of the solution before cycling. Laser treatment occurred with a CO
2
laser (wavelength 9.3 μm, pulse repetition rate 100 Hz, pulse duration 14.6 μs/18 μs, average power 0.58 W/0.69 W, fluence 1.9 J/cm
2
/2.2 J/cm
2
, beam diameter 0.63 mm, irradiation time 10 s, air cooling). TiF
4
was applied only once, while AmF/NaF/SnCl
2
was applied once daily before the erosive challenge. Surface loss (in μm) was measured with optical profilometry immediately after treatment, and after 5 and 10 days of erosive cycling (0.5% citric acid, pH 2.3, 6 × 2 min/day). Additionally, scanning electron microscopy investigations were performed. All application measures resulted in loss of surface height immediately after treatment. After 5 days, significantly reduced surface loss was observed after applying laser irradiation (both power settings) followed by applications of TiF
4
or AmF/NaF/SnCl
2
solution (
p
|
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ISSN: | 0268-8921 1435-604X |
DOI: | 10.1007/s10103-020-02979-3 |