Binge drinking in male adolescent rats and its relationship to persistent behavioral impairments and elevated proinflammatory/proapoptotic proteins in the cerebellum

Rationale To demonstrate that repeated episodes of binge drinking during the adolescent period can lead to long-term deficits in motor function and memory in adulthood, and increase proteins in the brain involved with inflammation and apoptotic cell death. Methods Groups of early adolescent (PND 26) and periadolescent (PND 34) Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either ethanol or plain air through a vapor chamber apparatus for five consecutive days (2 h per day), achieving a blood ethanol concentration equivalent to 6–8 drinks in the treatment group. Subjects then underwent a series of behavioral tests designed to assess memory, anxiety regulation, and motor function. Brains were collected on PND 94 for subsequent western blot analysis. Results Behavioral testing using the rota-rod, cage-hang, novel object recognition, light-dark box, and elevated plus maze apparatuses showed significant differences between groups; several of which persisted for up to 60 days after treatment. Western blot testing indicated elevated levels of caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3, NF-kB, and PKC/pPKC proteins in the cerebella of ethanol-treated animals. Conclusions Differences on anxiety tests indicate a possible failure of behavioral inhibition in the treatment group leading to riskier behavior. Binge drinking also impairs motor coordination and object memory, which involve the cerebellar and hippocampal brain regions, respectively. These experiments indicate the potential dangers of binge drinking while the brain is still developing and indicate the need for future studies in this area.