Kayser–Fleischer rings and Wilson’s disease

Kayser-Fleischer rings was first describe in year 1934 due to the abnormal accumulation of copper1. They are brownish rings resulting from pigmented granular cooper deposits on the Descemet's membrane. The cooper deposition are more pronounced in the superior and inferior cornea poles best seen from a slit-lamp1-2. Kayser-Fleischer rings are highly suggestive of Wilson's disease but have been reported in other diseases like cholestasis and primary biliary cirrhosis2. Kayser-Fleischer rings can be seen in 95% of cases of Wilson disease with neurological or psychiatry symptoms and about 55-65% of cases with hepatic involvement2-3. Wilson disease is an inborn error of copper metabolism and can manifest with hepatic, neurologic or psychiatric symptoms3.