One-post patterning of multiple protein gradients using a low-cost flash foam stamp

Printing of versatile chemical and biological inks for protein and cell patterning was achieved using a simple and cost-effective flash foam stamp (FFS). The grey-scale mask fabricated stamp can generate multiple protein gradients with one-post stamping. Due to the importance of spatially controlled protein patterns in both biology and tissue engineering, this straightforward and reliable tool is an accessible solution for resource-limited laboratories conducting molecular patterning experiments.