Analysis of the presence and influence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit on posterior stiffness and isometric shoulder rotators strength ratio in recreational and amateur handball players

To determine whether recreational and amateur handball players exhibit Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD), and if it is accompanied by posterior stiffness and changes in shoulder rotators strength. Cross-Sectional Study; Research laboratory. Indoor and beach handball players, members of handball teams or engaged in some handball recreational group. Range of motion (ROM) of internal rotation (IR) and horizontal adduction (HA), and isometric internal and external rotators strength. Based on the ROM of internal rotation, they were allocated to groups with and without GIRD. The dominant shoulder of GIRD group obtained a lower ROM of IR compared to the non-dominant shoulder of the same group (p