Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in patients with ischaemic heart failure: final 4‐year follow‐up of the MSC‐HF trial

Aims The study assessed 4‐year outcomes of intramyocardial injections of autologous bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with ischaemic heart failure. Methods and results The MSC‐HF trial was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Patients were randomized 2:1 to intramyocardial injections of MSCs or placebo. The primary endpoint was change in left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV), measured by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Sixty patients aged 30–80 years with ischaemic heart failure, New York Heart Association class II–III, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)