Effect of staining and repeated firing on the surface and optical properties of lithium disilicate

Objective Evaluate the effect of staining and repeated firings on color, translucency and surface proprieties of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate (LD). Material and Methods One hundred eighty LD discs were made (ISO 6872) and distributed in different groups (n = 20): control (CO)—no treatment; single‐step characterization (SC)—crystallization and staining fired together; and double step characterization (DC)—crystallization and then staining. The samples were submitted to two, four, or six firings, resulting in nine groups: COII, COIV, COVI, SCII, SCIV, SCVI, DCII, DCIV, and DCVI. The color and translucency were measured by a reflectance spectrophotometer. Surface roughness (Ra) and Vickers nano‐hardness were also measured. ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests were used (α = .05). Results Only CO and DC demonstrated significant color alterations (ΔE00 > 1.8). SC and DC did not show changes in translucency by the number of firings (P > .05); however, for CO (P = .02) these values increased. Nano‐hardness was similar in all groups (P > .05). Ra values indicated differences due to the type of characterization (SC presented the highest values) and number of firings (CO and DC groups) (P