The use of tomographic ultrasound imaging on three-dimensional translabial ultrasound: a diagnostic sign for urethral diverticulum

Introduction and hypothesis The objective was to apply tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) to diagnose urethral diverticulum (UD) and summarize the specific imaging findings. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 42 women with a paraurethral cyst. All women underwent a clinical interview, three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound and a transvaginal cystectomy between May 2016 and March 2019. UD was defined on TUI if a tract connecting the paraurethral cyst to the urethral lumen was shown in the urethral rhabdosphincter circular muscle in the pelvic floor axial plane. All patients’ demographics, history, clinical evaluation and surgical outcomes were reviewed. Results On surgical findings, 33 women had a UD and 9 had a Gartner duct cyst. Characteristics of paraurethral cysts described by TUI were consistent with surgical findings in 40 patients (95%). Good agreement was shown by κ test (κ = 0.88, p