Metabolic transcriptional analysis on copper tolerance in moderate thermophilic bioleaching microorganism Acidithiobacillus caldus
Bioleaching, an alternative environmental smelting technology, typically uses high concentrations of heavy metal ions, especially in the subsequent phase, due to metal ion accumulation from the mineral. In this study, we analyzed the overall response of the bioleaching microorganism Acidithiobacillu...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology 2020, Vol.47 (1), p.21-33 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Bioleaching, an alternative environmental smelting technology, typically uses high concentrations of heavy metal ions, especially in the subsequent phase, due to metal ion accumulation from the mineral. In this study, we analyzed the overall response of the bioleaching microorganism
Acidithiobacillus caldus
to copper stress through physiological and transcriptomic analyses. Scanning electron microscopy results showed higher extracellular polymeric substances secretion and cell aggregation under copper stress. Intracellular levels of glutamic acid, glycine and cysteine increased, favoring the synthesis of glutathione for maintenance of the oxidation–reduction state. GSH, during copper stress conditions, the activity of GSH-PX and CAT increased, resulting in reduced oxidative damage while maintaining stable intracellular pH. Higher unsaturated and cyclopropane fatty acid levels resulted in increased membrane fluidity and compactness and decreased ATP levels to support the energy requirements for stress resistance. Initially, H
+
-ATPase activity increased to provide energy for proton output and decreased later at higher copper ion stress. From transcriptome analysis, 140 genes were differentially expressed under low copper stress (1 g/L), while 250 genes exhibited altered transcriptional levels at higher copper stress (3 g/L). These differentially expressed genes were involved primarily in metabolic pathways such as energy metabolism, two-component systems, amino acid metabolism, and signal transduction. The Sox family cluster gene cluster involved in the conversion of thiosulfate to sulfate was upregulated in the sulfur metabolism pathway. In the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, genes participating in the synthesis of NADH oxidoreductase and cytochrome c oxidase,
nuoL
,
cyoABD
(
cyoA
,
cyoB
and
cyoD
) and
cydAB
(
cydA
and
cydB
), were downregulated. The TCS element
ompR
, closely associated with the osmotic pressure, exhibited active response, while Cu
2+
efflux system gene
cusRS
was upregulated. In the amino acid metabolism, the
glnA
involved in nitrogen fixation was upregulated and promoted the synthesis of glutamine synthetase for reducing excessive oxidative stress. This study provides new insights into the mechanism underlying
A. caldus
response to heavy-metal ion stress under harsh bioleaching conditions. |
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ISSN: | 1367-5435 1476-5535 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s10295-019-02247-6 |