Planarity of terphenyl rings possessing o -carborane cages: turning on intramolecular-charge-transfer-based emission

To clarify the relationship between planarity and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), two o -carboranyl compounds ( TCB and FCB ) containing different ortho -type terphenyl rings, namely, perfectly distorted or planar phenyl rings, were synthesised and fully characterised. Although the emission spectra of both compounds presented intriguing dual-emission patterns in solution at 298 or 77 K and in the film state, distorted TCB mostly showed locally excited emission, whereas planar FCB demonstrated intense emission corresponding to an ICT transition. Interestingly, the emission efficiencies and radiative decay constants of terphenyl-based o -carboranyl compounds were gradually enhanced by increasing the planarity of the terphenyl groups. These results verify the existence of a strong relationship between the planarity of appended aryl groups and ICT-based radiative decay in o -carborane-substituted compounds.