CD10 expression identifies a subset of human perivascular progenitor cells with high proliferation and calcification potentials

The tunica adventitia ensheathes arteries and veins and contains presumptive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) involved in vascular remodeling. We show here that a subset of human adventitial cells express the CD10/CALLA cell surface metalloprotease. Both CD10+ and CD10− adventitial cells displayed phenotypic features of MSCs when expanded in culture. However, CD10+ adventitial cells exhibited higher proliferation, clonogenic and osteogenic potentials in comparison to their CD10− counterparts. CD10+ adventitial cells increased expression of the cell cycle protein CCND2 via ERK1/2 signaling and osteoblastogenic gene expression via NF‐κB signaling. CD10 expression was upregulated in adventitial cells through sonic hedgehog‐mediated GLI1 signaling. These results suggest that CD10, which marks rapidly dividing cells in other normal and malignant cell lineages, plays a role in perivascular MSC function and cell fate specification. These findings also point to a role for CD10+ perivascular cells in vascular remodeling and calcification. Sonic hedgehog (SHH)/GLI1/CD10 signaling in the perivascular niche (Figure S8). SHH secreted in the perivascular niche induces GLI1 and CD10 expression. CD10 can upregulate CCND2 expression via ERK1/2 and stimulate NELL1 expression via NF‐κB, which leads to self‐renewal and high osteogenic potential in human adventitial cells.