Obstacles to Providing Urinary Incontinence Care Among Nurses in Turkey: A Descriptive Study

Nurses play an important role in identifying, evaluating, monitoring, and managing patients with urinary incontinence (UI). Purpose: This study was conducted to determine nurses' knowledge, attitudes, practices, and obstacles to managing patients' UI. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted between September 2017 and February 2018 at 2 university hospitals, 2 private hospitals, and 4 state hospitals in a metropolitan city in Turkey. All registered nurses present at the times of data collection were eligible to participate. After providing informed consent, they were asked to complete a 25-item demographic characteristic questionnaire, a 7-item UI assessment and care implementation form, a 12-item form assessing obstacles faced during UI care provision, a 24-item UI knowledge questionnaire (higher scores indicated more knowledge; a score of 70% correct was considered adequate), and the Urinary Incontinence Attitude Scale. The latter comprised 15 Likert-type questions that measures attitudes toward UI symptoms, treatment, and prevention (maximum score of 60; higher scores infer positive attitude). Data were collected and entered into a software program for statistical analysis including Mann Whitney U, chi-square, and correlation tests. Incomplete forms were excluded. Results: Of the 475 potential participants, 254 nurses completed all forms; 228 (89.8%) were women, 177 (69.7%) had a bachelor's degree, 146 (57.5%) worked in a state hospital, and 105 (41.3%) worked for 2 to 3 years. The mean score for UI knowledge was 15.22 ± 3.43 (range 0–24), and the mean attitude score was 46.40 ± 5.50 (range 15–60). The major nurse- or hospital-related obstacles to providing UI care were a lack of systems for patient follow-up (67.7%) and lack of patient education materials (60.2%). A weak positive correlation was noted between UI knowledge level and attitude (r = 0.263; P = .000). Conclusion: Although nurses had a positive attitude toward UI, UI knowledge scores were low. Lack of patient follow-up systems and patient education materials were important obstacles to nurses providing UI care. In addition to addressing these obstacles, postgraduation evidence-based UI education for nurses is needed to optimize care.