Nod-like receptor protein 3 and nod-like receptor protein 1 inflammasome activation in the hippocampal region of postmortem methamphetamine chronic user

OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUNDMethamphetamine (Meth) is one of the most important central nervous system (CNS) stimulant abuse drugs that cause long-term or permanent damage to different regions of the brain, particularly hippocampus, by neuronal apoptosis and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated Nod-like Receptor Protein 3(NLRP3) and Nod-like Receptor Protein1 (NLRP1) Inflammasome Activation in the Hippocampal Region of postmortem Meth Chronic User. METHODSMolecular and histological analyses were conducted on the brain of 14 non-addicted and 11 Meth users separately. The expression level of NLRP1, NLRP3 was measured using western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. Histopathological assessment was performed with stereological Cell Counting of hippocampal cells stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H et E). Moreover, Tunel staining was carried out in order to detect any kind of DNA damage. RESULTSBased on our findings using western blotting and immunohistochemistry assay, overexpression of NLRP1 and NLRP3 proteins in the hippocampal region of Meth addicts was observed. The stereological analysis in the hippocampus of the human brain revealed increased neurodegeneration. Furthermore, the increased rate of apoptosis and cell death were significant and confirmed by Tunel assay in the hippocampus of Meth groups. CONCLUSIONChronic Meth abuse could result in increases of NLRP1 and NLRP3 and induction of inflammation and apoptosis in the hippocampus in Meth groups (Tab. 1, Fig. 9, Ref. 40).