No evidence for spontaneous cross‐frequency phase–phase coupling in the human hippocampus

Cross‐frequency phase–phase coupling (PPC) has been suggested to play a role in cognitive processing and, in particular, in memory consolidation during sleep. Controversial results have been reported regarding the existence of spontaneous phase–phase coupling in the hippocampus. Here, we investigated this phenomenon in intracranial EEG recordings from the human hippocampus acquired during waking state and different sleep stages. We estimated the strength of interactions between different pairs of frequency bands and evaluated the statistical significance of findings using surrogates that build on different null hypotheses. Indications for spontaneous phase–phase coupling were only observed when testing with less rigorous surrogates. When requiring that all four surrogate tests be passed, however, there were no significant indications for phase–phase coupling. In conclusion, we did not detect evidence for spontaneous cross‐frequency phase–phase coupling in the human hippocampus. We investigated spontaneous cross‐frequency phase–phase coupling in intracranial EEG recordings from humans acquired during waking state and different sleep stages. Using various surrogate tests, we did not detect evidence for this phenomenon at different brain locations. Appropriate surrogate testing is mandatory to avoid spurious indications of spontaneous cross‐frequency phase–phase coupling.