Application of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap™) for the determination of beta-casein phenotypes in cow milk

•β-Casein variants A1, A2 and I in cow milk were identified using UHPLC-HRMS.•Five β-casein phenotypes A1A1, A1I, A1A2, A2A2 and A2I were determined.•β-Casein phenotype A2A2 is the highest percentage in investigated cow milk samples.•β-Casein phenotype A2A2 level in cross-bred HF milk is higher than that in HF milk. The objective of this study was to determine the β-CN phenotypes in cow milk collected from HF and cross-bred HF dairy cattle in Phu Dong, Vietnam. In total, 85 samples of raw milk were collected from 85 individual cows. Beta-casein (β-CN) phenotypes in cow milk were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The results showed that three β-CN variants A1, A2 and I were detected and identified in the milk samples. Five β-CN phenotypes A1A1, A1A2, A1I, A2A2 and A2I were found with percentages of 0.035, 0.400, 0.059, 0.482 and 0.024, respectively. The higher proportion of β-CN phenotype A2A2 compared to other phenotypes was expected because of changes in dairy cow breeding in Phu Dong, Vietnam.