DNA barcoding and fauna of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) from Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico

•The first COI Barcode sequences were generated for Mexican sand fly species.•The morphological and molecular identification agree for all species analyzed.•It has updated the species richness for State of Veracruz in Mexico.•DNA Barcode also allows separate the isomorphic females of the genus Brumptomyia. Mexico has great diversity of phlebotomine sand flies related to cases of leishmaniasis, yet few studies have dressed the molecular taxonomy of these sand fly species. The use of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene, as a DNA Barcode has facilitated the molecular identification of sand flies species worldwide. We use the DNA barcode as a useful tool for the identification of phlebotomine sand flies of the natural reserve Los Tuxtlas from Veracruz, México. A fragment of 536 bp of the COI gene was obtained from 36 individuals belonging to eight species of five genera (Dampfomyia, Lutzomyia, Psathyromyia, Psychodopygus and Brumptomyia) with coverage between 92–100%, and found similarities ranging from 93–98% with other New World phlebotomine sand flies. The NJ dendogram grouped sand flies into eight clusters according to identified species, supported by bootstrap of 97%–100%. In conclusion, all phlebotomine sand flies were correctly identified and agree with the morphological identification, also could separate genetics the isomorphic females of the genus Brumptomyia. COI Barcode as a useful tool for the identification of eight phlebotomine sand flies species of the natural reserve Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz. [Display omitted]