Chronic exposure to submicromolar arsenite promotes the migration of human esophageal Het1A cells induced by heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor

Chronic arsenic exposure causes cancers in multiple organs in humans. However, the mechanisms underlying arsenic-induced carcinogenesis remain obscure. Here, we examined whether chronic arsenite (As(III)) exposure promotes cell migration induced by heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in human esophageal immortalized Het1A cells. When Het1A cells were exposed to 0.5 μM As(III) for 4 months, HB-EGF-induced migration was enhanced in As(III)-exposed Het1A cells compared to controls. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the promotion of HB-EGF-induced migration by chronic exposure to As(III), we compared ERK phosphorylation between As(III)-exposed and control Het1A cells and found that HB-EGF-induced ERK phosphorylation was enhanced in the As(III)-exposed cells. We next measured mRNA levels of 88 genes related to cell cycle regulation. The results showed elevated cyclin D1 mRNA levels in As(III)-exposed Het1A cells. The inhibitors of ERK and cyclin D/Cdk4 markedly suppressed HB-EGF-induced upregulation of cyclin D1 and the migration of Het1A cells, respectively, suggesting that cyclin D1 is located downstream of ERK and is required for HB-EGF-induced migration of Het1A cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that the promotion of HB-EGF-induced migration of Het1A cells chronically exposed to submicromolar As(III) might be caused by increased expression of cyclin D1 mediated by enhanced activation of the ERK pathway.