Lifestyle Factors Associated with Premenstrual Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study of Japanese High School Students

To investigate the relationships between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and lifestyle, sleep, and dietary habits among Japanese high school students. Cross-sectional study. Two public high schools in Sendai, the largest city in northeastern Japan. A school-based survey was conducted among 1818 female Japanese high school students in 2015, and 1022 students with regular menstrual cycles (25-38 days) completed the questionnaire. Relationships between PMS and lifestyle, sleep, and dietary habits. The rates of moderate to severe PMS and premenstrual dysphoric disorder were 9.7% (99/1022) and 2.2% (22/1022), respectively. A total of 121 students (11.9%) were classified as having PMS—the PMS(+) group. Significant differences were observed between the PMS(+) group and those without PMS—the PMS(−) group—in age at menarche (P = .022), menstrual pain (P