Religious denomination influencing attitudes towards brain death, organ transplantation and autopsy—a survey among people of different religions

Background (Brain) death, willingness of organ donation and autopsy are relevant questions of life and death. Religious beliefs are expected to have a significant influence on individual attitudes. Methods People with an active relationship to a religion were surveyed about brain death, organ transplantation and autopsy using an anonymous questionnaire. The study was aimed in particular at students of theology and people in religious communities. In addition to a descriptive statistical analysis, a binary logistic regression analysis was carried out. Results From November 2016 to April 2017, 1306 people took part in the study. Religious denomination had statistically significant implications. Members of a certain religion were found to share similar positions. Significant differences were noted in the attitudes shown by members of different religions and by those without any religious affiliation. Especially the concept of brain death was rejected by Buddhists. The majority of Sunni Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists rejected organ donation following brain death. In all religious groups, the majority did not possess an organ donor card. Catholics and Protestants had more organ donor cards than any other religious group and more likely supported autopsies. Conclusion Religious denomination plays a central role in the various viewpoints and attitudes. The findings are just as relevant in scientific and public discussions as they are in medical practice and may contribute to increasing sensitivity and professionalism and to facilitate communication.