Ocular causes of visual distortions

Background: Patients with complaints of visual distortions may first present to their general practitioners (GPs) for assessment. Visual distortions can present in various forms, from blurred images to aberrations of colour. It is important to clarify any complaints of distortion to uncover potentially vision-threatening pathology. This can be achieved through a directed history and examination. Objective: The aim of this article is to provide a guide to clarifying complaints of visual distortions, outlining the common ocular causes, with a focus on macular pathologies. Discussion: Targeted clues in the cause of visual distortions can be obtained through a directed history. Simple office-based examination techniques such as visual acuity, the use of Amsler's grid and fundoscopy are useful to identify pathology responsible for visual distortions. A basic assessment and knowledge of macular pathologies can assist GPs' appropriate assessment, treatment and referral of patients who present with visual distortions.