A longitudinal study of the associations of BDNF genotype and methylation with poststroke anxiety

Background Although the precise etiology of poststroke anxiety (PSA) has yet to be fully elucidated, it is known that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is important for neural plasticity and long‐term potentiation, associated with the pathophysiology of anxiety. The expression of BDNF is regulated by epigenetic and genetic profiles. Thus, we investigated the association between BDNF methylation status and PSA at 2 weeks and 1 year after stroke while accounting for interactions with the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. Methods The baseline sample comprised 286 patients who were assessed at 2 weeks after stroke; of these patients, 222 (78%) were followed up with at 1 year after stroke. The presence of PSA was determined using the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the effects of BDNF methylation status and polymorphisms on PSA status were assessed with multivariate logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of PSA was slightly lower (27 [9.4%]) at baseline, and 35 (15.8%) patients were identified as having PSA at the 1‐year follow‐up. Stroke patients with a higher average methylation status were more likely to have PSA at 1 year. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was not independently associated with PSA during either the acute or chronic phase after stroke, but there was a significant interactive effect between BDNF methylation and genotype on PSA at 2 weeks. Conclusions In this study, BDNF methylation in combination with the met/met BDNF polymorphism (Val66Met polymorphism) was associated with PSA. These findings may help identify patients at higher risk for PSA.