Long-term effect of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children in Brazil

•After 7 years of PCV10 introduction, vaccine type colonization among toddlers decreased.•After 7 years of PCV10 introduction non-PCV10-type increased mainly serotypes 19A and 6C.•Increase in serotype 19A was associated with antibiotic-resistant clonal complex CC320. Brazil introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV10) to the routine national immunization program (NIP) in March 2010. In 2017, we investigated the effects of PCV10 on nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine-types (VT) and non-vaccine-types (NVT) of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) among children living in São Paulo city. We also compared the prevalence of VT and NVT with previous carriage surveys performed in 2010 (baseline) and 2013. The carriage survey was conducted among 531 children, aged 12 months to