Kaposi sarcoma incidence in females is nearly four-fold higher in the Lower Rio Grande Valley compared to the Texas average

•The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma is nearly four-fold higher in females in Hidalgo County Texas compared to the average for females in the State of Texas.•An increased incidence of Kaposi sarcoma is found on the United States-Mexican border in the State of Texas.•The increased incidence of Kaposi sarcoma in South Texas females has significant health implications: environmental factors, genetic contributions and possible links to diabetes need further investigation. The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) is located on U.S.-Mexican border with a population that is 90% Hispanic [1]. Comprised of Hidalgo, Cameron, Starr and Willacy counties, this region has the highest poverty rate and one of the highest incidences of Type 2 diabetes in the United States [2–4]. Previous studies demonstrated a high prevalence of Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) in the LRGV [5–7]. HHV8 infection has been causally linked to Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) [8]. Here, we retrospectively examine the incidence of KS in the LRGV in a set of HIV-negative Hispanic patients. Strikingly, the incidence of KS was higher in LRGV women compared to the Texas state average (nearly four-fold higher in McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr Metro Statistical Area). This unique profile aligns with the increased HHV8 prevalence in the LRGV, suggesting that HHV8 contributes to a high incidence of HIV-negative KS on the U.S.–Mexican border in Texas.