Prevalence and treatment of group B streptococcus colonization based on risk factors versus intrapartum culture screening

To estimate the prevalence of group B streptococcus at onset of labor and to compare the accuracy of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis based on a risk factor strategy versus an intrapartum screening. In this cross-sectional study, 700 women referred for intended vaginal delivery were tested for group B streptococcus at onset of labor by gold standard culture in vaginal and rectal swabs. The results were blinded, and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis was given to women with risk factors for group B streptococcus infection: previous neonatal group B streptococcus infection, group B streptococcus in urine and/or vagina in current pregnancy, gestational age