AIM2 deletion promotes neuroplasticity and spatial memory of mice

•AIM2 was up-regulated in the hippocampal regions of APP/PS1 mice.•AIM2 deletion promoted spatial memory, synaptic plasticity and dendrite branching.•AIM2 deletion exerted repressive effects on Pten and Ppp2r3a and stimulative effects on Homer 1 and AKT pathways. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) senses damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and recruits apoptosis speck-like protein (ASC) and caspase-1 to form a molecular platform for cerebral inflammation and neuronal pyroptosis. Here, we found that AIM2 was up-regulated in the hippocampus of 6-months-old APP/PS1 mice and further investigated the role of AIM2 in spatial memory, long term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic morphology. Our study demonstrated that AIM2 deletion remarkably promoted spatial memory of mice using Morris Water Maze test and Y-Maze test. In addition, AIM2 was found to be widely expressed in the CA1 neurons in the hippocampus. AIM2 deletion facilitated LTP in hippocampal slices and altered the structure of dendrites, especially increased the dendritic spine densities. Using transcriptional microarray, we found that 41 genes were down-regulated and 16 genes were up-regulated in AIM2-/- mice (fold change>=2.0 and p