Prevention of recurrent febrile urinary tract infection in infants: Ultrasonography‐oriented approach is more practical than a top‐down approach

Background We previously reported that the top‐down approach (TDA) for infants with febrile urinary tract infections (fUTI) could prevent recurrent fUTI (r‐fUTI) but produced a high number of false‐positives on acute‐phase 99mTc dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scintigraphy. Therefore we compared the ultrasonography‐oriented approach (USOA) with TDA from the viewpoint of prevention of r‐fUTI. Methods The TDA was applied between July 2010 and February 2014 and the USOA was applied between March 2014 and April 2017 in infants with first fUTI. In the USOA group, voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) was performed in the case of abnormality on acute‐phase renal bladder ultrasonography (RBUS) or on chronic‐ phase DMSA, which were performed in all cases. The frequency of r‐fUTI was compared between the TDA group and USOA group retrospectively. Results Seventy‐four infants (52 male) and 79 infants (60 male) received TDA or USOA, respectively. No significant differences were found between the TDA and USOA groups in male : female ratio, age in months at initial onset of fUTI, observation period, or number of cases of r‐fUTI (TDA group, n = 4; USOA group, n = 5). Seventy‐four DMSA scintigraphy and 25 VCUG were carried out in the USOA group, and 111 DMSA scintigraphy and 34 VCUG in the TDA group. Conclusions Both USOA and TDA were valid for prevention of r‐fUTI, but USOA was superior to TDA with regard to the reduced number of patients undergoing VCUG and DMSA.