Heritability estimation of dichotomous phenotypes using a liability threshold model on ascertained family‐based samples

Numerous methods for estimating heritability have been proposed; however, unlike quantitative phenotypes, heritability estimation for dichotomous phenotypes is computationally and statistically complex, and the use of heritability is infrequent. In this study, we developed a statistical method to estimate heritability of dichotomous phenotypes using a liability threshold model in the context of ascertained family‐based samples. This model assumes that dichotomous phenotypes are determined by unobserved latent variables that are normally distributed and can be applied to general pedigree data. The proposed methods were applied to simulated data and Korean type‐2 diabetes family‐based samples, and the accuracy of the estimates provided by the experimental methods was compared with that of the established methods.