Hemilabile bonding of 1-oxa-4,7-dithiacyclononane in cyclometallated palladium() complexes

The synthesis and characterization of a series of cyclometallated complexes of Pd( ii ) incorporating the mixed donor ligand 1-oxa-4,7-dithiacyclononane ([9]aneS 2 O) are presented in this study. Complexes of the form [Pd(C^N)([9]aneS 2 O)](PF 6 ) (C^N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy) 1b , 4-(2-pyridyl)benzaldehyde (ppyCHO) 2b , 7,8-benzoquinoline (bzq) 3b , 2-benzothienylpyridine (btp) 4b , 2-phenylbenzothiazole (pbt) 5b ), were obtained in high-yield from a simple two-step synthetic scheme. All of these complexes were fully characterized by NMR, ESI-MS, IR, combustion analyses, and most ( 1b , 2b , 4b , 5b ) by X-ray crystallography. Solution 1 H and 13 C NMR studies of [Pd(C^N)([9]aneS 2 O)](PF 6 ) complexes demonstrate complicated [9]aneS 2 O behavior at room temperature. Variable temperature NMR reveals dynamic bonding of the [9]aneS 2 O ligand consistent with the presence of both endodentate and exodentate bonding modes. This is in stark contrast to the related [9]aneS 3 (1,4,7-trithiacyclononane) cogeners that demonstrate fluxional endodentate bonding only in solution. X-ray structures reveal only exodenate [9]aneS 2 O bonding in this series, unlike the related [9]aneS 3 complexes that show endodenate bonding with an axial Pd S interaction. DFT calculations performed on endo and exo [9]aneS 2 O bonding forms of 4b , as well as a transition state calculation for interconversion, suggest reasonable access to both bonding forms based on the energy barrier. Natural bond order calculations provide further evidence for a weak axial Pd O interaction in the endo form of 4b . The synthesis and characterization of a series of cyclometallated complexes of Pd( ii ) incorporating the mixed donor ligand 1-oxa-4,7-dithiacyclononane ([9]aneS 2 O) are presented in this study.