Prevalence of, and biochemical and anthropometric risk factors for, dyslipidemia in children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years in China: A cross‐sectional study

Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its risk factors in children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years in China. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted from November, 2013 to July, 2014. A total of 2283 children and adolescents from urban and rural areas in Hainan (South China) and Shaanxi Provinces (Northwest China) were selected using multi‐stage stratified cluster sampling method. Each participant underwent anthropometric and serum biochemical tests which included serum lipids and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). Results The overall prevalence of high total cholesterol (TC), high triglyceride (TG), high low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), hyperlipidemia and dyslipidemia were 6.5%, 7.5%, 5.2%, 9.1%, 14.3%, and 20.6%, respectively. After standardization by age, girls had higher prevalence of high TC (8.2%), high LDL‐C (6.6%), and hyperlipidemia (16.4%), but lower prevalence of low HDL‐C (8.21%) than boys (4.2%, 3.4%, 11.9%, and 11.3%, respectively). The risk of dyslipidemia increased with age (OR = 1.067, 95% CI: 1.030‐1.106). Boys had a decreased risk of dyslipidemia (OR = 0.798, 95% CI: 0.640‐0.994). The restricted cubic spline revealed a linear relationship between BMI and the risk of dyslipidemia (P