Evaluation of muscle mass in obesity, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus by different equations used for the measurement of muscle mass

Insulin resistance is one of risk factors for sarcopenia and there is no specific equation for the measurement of muscle mass. The present study aimed to evaluate muscle mass in the patients with obesity, prediabetes (PDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) by different equations for the measurement of muscle mass. Obese patients aged 18–65 years old, who presented between 2013 and 2015 were reviewed and they were separated into three groups as obese, prediabetes (PDM) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), sum of the appendicular lean masses (ALM) were measured in all participants. Body muscle mass ratio was calculated as the total muscle mass divided by the body weight, and skeletal muscle index was calculated as the total muscle mass divided by the square of the height. In addition, ALM/weight, ALM/height2 and ALM/BMI ratios were also evaluated. A total of 1107 participants, of whom 666 (60.2%) were female, were enrolled into the study. Of the participants, 288 (%26.02) had obesity, 524 (%47.33) had PDM and 295 (26.65%) had DM. There was a significant difference in ALM/BMI ratio between the three groups for both genders (p = 0.003 for female and p = 0.003 for male). ALM/weight ratio and body muscle mass ratio were decreased between groups in female, whereas it was no difference in male (p = 0.003, p