Morphology of the genital organs of the female red‐rumped agouti (Dasyprocta leporina, Linnaeus, 1758) during estrous cycle phases and in advanced pregnancy

The study investigated the gross and microscopic anatomy of the genital organs of 20 agoutis at different stages of the estrous cycle and four in the final trimester of pregnancy. Specimens were euthanized and their reproductive organs were fixed in a 4% paraformaldehyde or 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution and submitted to routine histological techniques for light and scanning electron microscopy. In the ovary, during the proestrus phase, we observed developing follicles and corpus luteum (CL) in regression; during estrus, there were Graafian follicles; during metestrus, there was a hemorrhagic corpus, whereas in diestrus, there was a mature CL. The uterus was partially double because the cervix was cranially septate but caudally, the septum disappeared, forming a single ostium that opened into the vagina. Changes occurred along the estrous cycle in the uterine and vaginal epithelia, that is, an increase in the uterine epithelium height accompanied by an increase of thickness of the vaginal epithelium during the follicular phase and a decrease of thickness of both epithelia during the luteal phase. The endometrial lining was composed of a simple cuboidal epithelium to simple columnar epithelium with basal nuclei. The vaginal mucosa consisted of epithelium that varied from nonkeratinized stratified squamous (luteal phase) to keratinized stratified squamous (follicular phase). The clitoris was external to the vagina. It presented two protruding lateral keratinized spicules and a centralized urethra, with no common parts between the urinary and genital tracts. Anatomical and histological changes were observed mainly in the cervix, vagina and spicules of the clitoris during the EC. • The uterus is partially double with a false body and a cervix only cranially septate and caudally formed by a single ostium; during the estrous cycle, morphologic changes were observed in the cervix, vagina, spicules of the clitoris, and vulva. • Endometrial lining was composed of simple cuboidal (luteal phase) to simple columnar epithelium (follicular phase); the cervix had a mucosa formed by stratified squamous epithelium and PAS‐positive secretory cells (diestrus/ pregnancy). • The vagina presented a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (follicular phase) or a nonkeratinized epithelium (luteal phase); spicules of the clitoris formed by keratinized stratified epithelium with hormone‐dependent characteristics. • Increased height of the uterine epithelium in the follicular phase