Perineal and Radicular Pain Caused by Contralateral Sacral Nerve Root Schwannoma: Case Report and Review of Literature

Sacral schwannomas are very rare nerve sheath tumors. Patients usually present with a variety of nonspecific symptoms, which often lead to a delay in diagnosis. Although most schwannomas are benign, they present surgical challenges owing to their proximity to neurologic and other anatomic structures. This 58-year-old female presented with a 2-month old history of left-sided perineal and radicular pain secondary to a right S2 sacral nerve root schwannoma. The sacral mass demonstrated homogenous enhancement with cystic changes in a T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequence. The patient underwent S1–S3 laminectomy and tumor excision through a posterior surgical approach. Intraoperative monitoring was used to distinguish nonfunctional tissue during tumor resection. The patient had an unremarkable postoperative course. Sacral schwannomas can present with a variety of nonspecific symptoms. They pose unique challenges given their location, size, and involvement of surrounding structures. Complete surgical resection is the main goal of sacral schwannoma treatment. A combined anterior-posterior surgical approach and a multidisciplinary surgical team are associated with improved outcomes.