The impact of compassionate care education on nurses: A mixed‐method systematic review

Aims To identify, describe, and summarize evidence from quantitative, qualitative, and mixed‐method studies conducted to prepare nurses and nursing students to lead on and/or deliver compassionate care. Design Mixed‐method systematic review. Data sources CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO, and SocINDEX (January 2007–February 2018). Review methods Papers were screened by two independent reviewers using an online screening tool and data were extracted using a standardized data extraction table. Parallel‐results convergent synthesis was used to synthesize evidence from included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed‐method studies. Quality appraisal and risk of bias assessment were conducted. Results Fifteen studies were included with three main themes and six sub‐themes: (a) programme impact (impact on ward‐level and senior nurses and impact on nursing students and educators); (b) programme characteristics (characteristics leading to positive outcomes and characteristics leading to negative outcomes); and (c) programme implementation (implementation barriers and implementation facilitators). Compassionate care education programmes helped enhance nurses' ability to engage in reflective practice, deal with clinical challenges, and gain confidence. The importance of nurturing compassionate care delivery in nursing education was highlighted in the literature. Various nursing‐level, patient‐level, and organizational barriers to compassionate care delivery were identified. Conclusion The impact of compassionate care educational programmes on nurses was predominantly positive. Further evaluation of the long‐term impact of these programmes on nurses, patients, and organizations is warranted. Impact Optimal delivery of compassionate care can be achieved by building organizational infrastructures that support nurses from all levels to attend education programmes and lead on compassionate care delivery. 目的 在于确定、描述和总结来自定量、定性和混合方法研究的证据,这些研究旨在帮助护士和护理学生引导和/或提供人文护理。 设计 混合方法型系统综述。2018). 资料来源 CINAHL、Medline、PsychINFO和SocINDEX (2007年1月至2018年2月)。 综述方法 两名独立审查员使用在线筛选工具筛选了各种文件,并使用标准化的数据提取表提取了相关数据。采用了平行结果 汇聚式合成法来综合纳入的定性、定量和混合方法研究相关证据。进行了质量评定和偏差风险评估。 结果 纳入了15项研究,和三大主题和六个子主题:(a)方案影响(对病房和高级护士的影响以及对护理学生和教育工作者的影响);(b)方案特征(促成积极结果的特征和引发消极结果的特征);以及(c)方案执行(实施的不利因素和有利因素)。人文关怀护理教育计划有助于提高护士参与反思实践、应对临床挑战和获得信心的能力。相关文献强调了在护理教育中鼓励人文关怀护理的重要性。已确定各种护理层面、患者层面和机构层面的人文关怀护理相关不利因素。 结论 人文关怀护理教育计划对护士的影响主要是积极的。有必要进一步评估这些计划对护士、患者和机构的长期影响。 影响 通过建立支持各级护士参加教育方案和促成人文关怀护理的机构性基础设施,可以有助于最好的实施人文关怀护理。