Nosocomial Infections among Patients with Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Data Analysis of Predictors and Outcomes

•40.3% of patients with intracranial hemorrhage developed nosocomial infections.•Resistance accounted for 70.2% of culture results.•Pneumonia and UTI were the most common infections encountered across all types of brain hemorrhage.•Levetiracetam, hypertension, GCS category, and length of hospital stay are potential risk factors for nosocomial infections.•GCS category and PEG tube placement were significant predictors of mortality within 3 months. Intracranial hemorrhage is a critical medical emergency. Nosocomial infections may promote worse outcomes in these vulnerable patients. This study investigated microbial features, predictors, and clinical outcomes of nosocomial infections among patients with multiple subtypes of intracranial hemorrhage. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients that were hospitalized with intracranial hemorrhage between January 2015 and October 2018, and divided them into two groups based on the development of nosocomial infection. Within the cohort of patients with nosocomial infections, microbiology and resistance patterns were established across multiple sites of infection. Moreover, consequences of nosocomial infection such as mortality and length of hospital stay were determined. A total of 233 cases were identified that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria out of which were 94 cases of nosocomial infection (40.3%) versus 139 cases with no nosocomial infection (59.7%). The most common infections were pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and bacteremia. Resistance accounted for 70.2% of cultures. Multivariable analysis revealed significant association of nosocomial infections with hypertension (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.11–6.16, p = 0.027), hospital LOS (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.12, p