Lanthanum ferrite nanoparticles modification onto biochar: derivation from four different methods and high performance for phosphate adsorption

To effectively remove phosphate pollution and convectively reuse phosphate resource, straw biochar was firstly functionalized with lanthanum ferrite (LaFeO 3 ) via four different methods, including one-step co-precipitation ( S-C ), two-step co-precipitation ( B-C ), one-step impregnation ( S-E ), and two-step impregnation ( B-E ). LaFeO 3 /biochar was characterized systematically by a series of characterization methods. The influence of preparation methods, operation conditions on adsorption process, and the regenerability were studied. The products prepared by four methods displayed different physical morphology and chemical analysis proved chemical composition were similar. LaFeO 3 /biochar exhibited high adsorption capacity, the pseudo-second-order and Sips models were fitted for the adsorption equilibrium. The LaFeO 3 /biochar exhibited outstanding phosphate adsorption performance with pH values ranging from 2.3 to 10.6; La ions release was similarly negligible, when pH value was higher than 5.27. The adsorption mechanism was studied and inferred that La species is the key to adsorption ability. The results obtained provide better understanding of the adsorption phenomena and indicate the available preparation technologies and potential usefulness of LaFeO 3 /biochar for removing phosphate pollution. Graphical abstract “.”