Alcohol Drinking and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Damage: A Meta‐Analysis of 15 Prospective Cohort Studies

The relationship between alcohol drinking and chronic kidney damage, mainly including declined glomerular filtration rate (GFR), proteinuria, and end‐stage renal disease, was conflicting. Thus, a meta‐analysis was conducted to investigate their potential associations. PubMed and Web of Science were searched to identify prospective studies assessing the associations between alcohol drinking and chronic kidney damage published up to March 2019. Random‐effects model was employed to pool the relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup meta‐analyses stratified by the basic characteristics of subjects were performed. A total of 15 cohort studies were included in the present study, with 268,723 participants and 31,766 incident cases. Participants with low (