Transboundary animal diseases as re-emerging threats – Impact on one health

Transboundary animal diseases are those that can move through a population of animals and cause considerable economic and societal harm. Many have high mortality, and in low-income areas, can quickly destroy herds and flocks of agricultural animals. Although much of One Health, which sits at the intersection of human, animal, and environmental health, focuses on the zoonotic diseases, in fact transboundary animal diseases can harm both humans and the environment through robbing communities of livelihoods and nutrition, and creating environmental contamination through extensive carcass disposal requirements. Transboundary animal diseases continue to circulate in the world, predominantly in low-income regions or in areas with less than optimal biosecurity. This paper will review three prominent emerging and re-emerging transboundary animal diseases, describing their pathology and diagnostics, as well as economic and food security impacts, which are substantial. Attention to these devastating diseases should be a One Health priority.