Benito’s neuralgia: the first description of the occipital neuralgia was made for Spanish doctors at the beginning of the nineteenth century

Background The occipital neuralgia affects 3 out of every 100,000 people and includes the neuralgia of the greater occipital nerve (GON) and the neuralgia of the minor and third occipital nerves. These nerves emerge from the posterior branches of the first cervical roots, innervate the muscles of the nape, and provide the sensitivity of the scalp. The most frequent issue is not to find causes that justify neuralgia for what is usually idiopathic. The nerve that most often causes neuralgia is the GON that is usually wrongly called Arnold’s nerve, so neuralgia is also called Arnold’s neuralgia. Methods We have reviewed the first description of occipital neuralgia. Results Two Spanish doctors, José Benito Lentijo and Mateo Martínez Ramos, had already described in detail the neuralgia of the GON before Arnold was born. The first clinical case of occipital neuralgia due to GON involvement was published by them in a Spanish medical journal in 1821, and they called it cervico-suboccipital neuralgia. Conclusion We claim in this article the role of these two Spanish doctors in the history of Neurology.