Urine metabolic profiles in paediatric asthma

ABSTRACT Background and objective Asthma is a global problem and complex disease suited for metabolomic profiling. This study explored the candidate biomarkers specific to paediatric asthma and provided insights into asthmatic pathophysiology. Methods Children (aged 6–11 years) meeting the criteria for healthy control (n = 29), uncontrolled asthma (n = 37) or controlled asthma (n = 43) were enrolled. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was performed on urine samples of the patients to explore the different types of metabolite profile in paediatric asthma. Additionally, we employed a comprehensive strategy to elucidate the relationship between significant metabolites and asthma‐related genes. Results We identified 51 differential metabolites mainly related to dysfunctional amino acid, carbohydrate and purine metabolism. A combination of eight candidate metabolites, including uric acid, stearic acid, threitol, acetylgalactosamine, heptadecanoic acid, aspartic acid, xanthosine and hypoxanthine (adjusted P 1.5 or 0.97 across groups. Enrichment analysis based on these targets revealed that the Fc receptor, intracellular steroid hormone receptor signalling pathway, DNA damage and fibroblast proliferation were involved in inflammation, immunity and stress‐related biological progression of paediatric asthma. Conclusion Metabolomic analysis of patient urine combined with network‐biology approaches allowed discrimination of asthma profiles and subtypes according to the metabolic patterns. The results provided insight into the potential mechanism of paediatric asthma. We investigated metabolic profiles of paediatric asthma patients to identify asthma‐specific biomarkers in urine. A combination of eight metabolites showed excellent discrimination across groups. Enrichment analysis identified complex biological processes associated with immunity, inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage. These approaches enabled discrimination between asthma stages and elucidate its mechanisms. See related Editorial