Evaluation of atipamezole as a treatment for dexmedetomidine-induced cardiovascular depression in anesthetized cats

To evaluate the cardiovascular effects of atipamezole administered at half the volume or the same volume as dexmedetomidine to isoflurane-anesthetized cats. 6 adult (1 to 2 years old) domestic shorthair cats (body weight, 3 to 6 kg). Each cat was anesthetized with isoflurane and rocuronium 3 times; there was a 1-week washout period between successive anesthetic procedures. For each anesthetic procedure, dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg) was administered IV. Five minutes after dexmedetomidine was administered, atipamezole (25 or 50 μg/kg) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was administered IM. Pulse rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were measured during anesthesia before dexmedetomidine administration (baseline), after dexmedetomidine administration, and 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after administration of atipamezole or saline solution. Pulse rate and MAP were also recorded when MAP was at its lowest value. Hemodynamic variables were compared among treatments at baseline, after dexmedetomidine administration, and after administration of atipamezole or saline solution. Effects of treatment and time on all variables were assessed with mixed-effects models. Both doses of atipamezole resulted in a significantly lower MAP than did saline solution. Pulse rate, CO, and SVR were not significantly different among treatments after atipamezole or saline solution were administered. Atipamezole administered IM at half the volume or the same volume as dexmedetomidine was ineffective at increasing pulse rate or CO in anesthetized cats that received dexmedetomidine. However, atipamezole caused short-lasting but severe arterial hypotension.