Responses of bladder smooth muscle to the stretch go through extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/p90 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (p90RSK)/Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) Pathway

Aims The present study was designed to study changes and its potential mechanisms in human bladder smooth muscle subjected to stretch. Methods Bioinformatics analyses including differential expression analysis, overrepresentation enrichment analysis, principal component analysis, and weighted gene coexpression network analysis were used to analyze a microarray dataset (GSE47080) of partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) in rat to find the potential changes of gene expressions. Bladder from pBOO model and human bladder smooth muscle cells (HBSMCs) subjected to sustained prolonged stretch were collected for Western blot analysis, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence analysis to verify the changes of gene expressions and preliminarily study the potential role of signaling pathway regulation in treatment of pBOO. Results The bioinformatics analysis showed that chronic obstruction activated mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway and changed cytoskeleton structure in bladder smooth muscle. In in vivo experiments in mice, pBOO was verified by cystometry. Partial BOO activated the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/p90 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (p90RSK)/nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway in DM. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of contractile phenotypic proteins increased after pBOO. In in vitro experiments of HBSMCs, mechanical stretch activated ERK/p90RSK/NF‐κB in HBSMCs in a time‐dependent manner. The mRNA expressions of α‐smooth muscle actin and SM22 also increased and filamentous actin (F‐actin) polymerization was enhanced as well. Inhibition of ERK/p90RSK/NF‐κB pathway reversed mechanical stretch‐induced changes of contractile phenotypic expression and F‐action polymerization. Conclusions Continuous stretch increases expressions of contractile phenotypic proteins and promotes the polymerization of F‐actin. This process partially goes through ERK/p90RSK/NF‐κB pathway.