Isolation and culture of rat aortic endothelial cells in vitro: A novel approach without collagenase digestion

To study cardiovascular diseases, the isolation and culture of functional endothelial cells are very important. This study uncovered a novel approach to isolate and culture endothelial cells. The thoracic aorta was collected from Wistar rats with the attached tissue clearly removed. These aorta segments were seeded onto a six‐welled plate with the endothelium facing down and removed 2 days after endothelial sprouting started. The endothelial cells were harvested until 80% uneven confluence and cultured for another two passages for use in the following assays: immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assays for endothelial marker expression (CD31 and von Willebrand factor [vWF]), the Dil‐labeled acetylated low‐density lipoprotein (Dil‐Ac‐LDL) uptake assay, the tube formation assay, the Hoechst staining apoptosis assay, the β‐galactosidase staining assay for cell senescence, and the Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay for cell viability. Morphologically, the endothelial cells started to migrate away from the aorta after 50 to 72 hours of culture, showing a cobblestone‐like structure. The cultured cells expressed high levels of CD31 and vWF, 94.65% of the cells were positive for CD31, and most of the cells showed low‐density lipoprotein uptake. They were able to form tube‐like structures in vitro and were negatively stained for β‐galactosidase or Hoechst staining. Importantly, the cells at passages 3 and 10 showed similar levels of CCK‐8, β‐galactosidase, Hoechst staining, uptake of Dil‐Ac‐LDL, and capillary tube formation. This novel technique is useful to isolate and culture rat aortic endothelial cells for future studies of endothelial functions and biology. In addition, primary vascular endothelial cells at passages 3 to 10 are suitable for experiments. Our current study developed a novel and optimized technique to isolate and culture fully functional endothelial cells from rat aortas. This technique was simple and easy, without the need of special equipment, materials, or collagenase digestion. The isolated cells showed a high proliferative capacity, at least up to passage 10. The described methodology could also be applicable to isolate endothelial cells from the vessels of various resources.