Structures and In Vitro Antihepatic Fibrosis Activities of Prenylated Dihydrostilbenes and Flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Leaves

Glycyrrhiza uralensis is the major plant source of licorice. This study was to identify bioactive compounds from the plant's leaves in order to make better use of its aerial part. An ethanol extract of the leaves was subjected to repeated chromatography to yield 15 compounds. The structures were determined to be three novel dihydrostilbenes, based on their various spectroscopic data—glycypytilbene A (1), glycydipytilbene (2), and glycypytilbene B (3)—and 12 known compounds, α,α′‐dihydro‐3,5,4′‐trihydroxy‐4,3′‐diisopentenylstilbene (4), α,α′‐dihydro‐3,5,3′,4′‐tetrahydroxy‐2,5′‐diisopentenylstilbene (5), 6‐prenyleriodictyol (6), 5′‐prenyleriodictyol (7), 6‐prenylquercetin‐3‐Me ether (8), 5′‐prenylquercetin (9), 6‐prenylquercetin (10), 6‐prenylnaringenin (11), 3′‐prenylnaringenin (12), sigmoidin C (13), 8‐[(E)‐3‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐ butenyl]‐eriodictyol (14), and quercetin‐3‐Me ether (15). Most of these chemical constituents inhibited α‐glucosidase activity, with the two prenylated quercetin derivatives (9 to 10) being the greatest active (IC50 < 4.0 µg/mL). Compounds 1, 3 to 4, 6 to 7, 9 to 12 impeded the growth of human hepatic stellate cells, with the prenylated flavonoids (6 to 7, 9 to 12) being more robust than their unprenylated counterparts. Practical Applications This study found that Glycyrrhiza uralensis leaves contain prenylated dihydrostilbenes and flavonoids with inhibiting effects on α‐glucosidase and on the proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells, which should prompt the development of G. uralensis leaves for healthy products with anti‐diabetic or liver fibrosis‐preventing effects.