Spontaneous pneumothorax in the elderly: a sign of a malignancy?

Background Spontaneous pneumothorax usually occurs as a result of rupture of a subpleural bleb or emphysematous bulla. Spontaneous pneumothorax, which is more common in younger age groups, might be the first sign of pulmonary malignancy, especially when it manifests in older patients. Methods Data of all patients who were treated for spontaneous pneumothorax in our clinic between June 2013 and June 2017 were examined retrospectively. The demographic characteristics, diagnostic methods, pathologic subtypes, and treatment protocols applied in patients diagnosed with malignancy during the treatment period were investigated. Results Out of 1187 patients, 9 (0.8%) had incidental pulmonary malignancies. Metastatic lung cancer was detected in 2 of 9 patients, while primary lung cancer was detected in the other 7. Six patients were operated on and the other 3 were referred for oncologic treatment for various reasons. Conclusions We suggest that cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in advanced age should be evaluated in a more detailed fashion, and further investigations should be carried out with suspicion of an underlying pulmonary malignancy.