Analysis of the factors involved in procedural failure: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using a short‐type single‐balloon enteroscope for patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy

Aim To analyze factors involved in procedural failure and to discuss responses to procedural failure by using the outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) carried out using a short‐type single‐balloon enteroscope (short SBE) in patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy. Methods The study sample included patients who underwent ERCP‐related procedures using a short SBE between September 2011 and September 2018 at our hospital. Outcomes, including procedural success rate, were studied retrospectively to analyze the factors involved in procedural failure. Results Analysis included 191 procedures carried out in 121 patients. Procedural success rate was 85.9% with an adverse event rate of 8.4%. Causes of procedural failure included malignant biliary obstruction (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–7.25, P = 0.02), first ERCP attempt (OR: 5.32, 95% CI: 1.30–36.30, P = 0.02), and Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.004–0.39, P