Self-Collection and Molecular Diagnosis for Detection of Human Papillomavirus: Why Incorporate It?

Purpose of Review Cervical cancer, the third cause of death by cancer among Brazil’s women, is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In some countries of South America, North America, Europe, and Oceania, initial screening for HPV DNA and subsequent follow-up with HPV-positive patients using colposcopy and cytological testing are used as preventative measures. Recent Findings For HPV DNA detection, it is necessary to obtain cervical cells by conventional clinical collection method or self-collection of the cells that flake off from the uterine cervix and vaginal canal. Self-collection has been shown to be a viable option for obtaining samples and is a less invasive method that is more accepted by women. Thus, it can potentially decrease the limitations of the conventional clinical collection methods. Summary The efficiency of the self-collection method aligned with the implementation of HPV molecular testing, if adopted by public and private health care systems, may extend the reach of current cervical cancer prevention efforts. In addition, considering all phases from triage to treatment, this method may reduce health care costs and the time spent by patients and health care teams to conduct examinations and collect samples.